The ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws...

"The ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws does not imply the ability to start from those laws and reconstruct the universe"

P.W. Anderson 

Science,   4.August 1972, Vol 177,  Number 4047

Hamlet’s Transhumanist Dilemma

To be, or not to be: that was the question back when
Machines did not challenge the reign of men.
Will technology replace biology: that is the question now
When computers get exponentially smarter: why shouldn’t we bow?
Thus the dilemma facing the human race
Is about hardware and coding: What type to embrace?
Whether ’tis nobler to run DNA
On an ancient biological hardware – Evolution’s play!
Or ‘tis better to get up-to-date
And run binary code on the supercomputers of late.
But who is to say?
Is it nobler to suffer in the flesh
The slings and arrows of biology as destiny?
Or to hack ‘tis cursed body; and by technology
To live. Forever!
No more sickness, no more aging, no more death
Our mortal flesh is heir to.
The choice is yours and mine to make
But what a bind we find ourselves into:
To pick between humanity and immortality.
But what is human anyway?
A temporary grouping of the bits
En route to fall apart…
Or is there more to it?
A soul? A genome code? A conscience? Or, a pattern?
Some kind of essence, anyway?
I still don’t know for sure what it is
So, why am I afraid to lose what I don’t know?

by: http://www.singularityweblog.com/hamlet-transhumanist-dilemma-will-technology-replace-biology/

Quantum Uncertainty As The End Of Classical Probability Theory

Conventional Probability Theory has no basis in reality. That is what the cosmologists Albrecht and Philipps say in their research paper "Origin of probabilities and their application to the multiverse" (http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.0953). 

We argue using simple models that all successful practical uses of probabilities originate in quantum fluctuations in the microscopic physical world around us, often propagated to macroscopic scales.

Actually all problems in probability are about quantum mechanics. So even the outcome of a coin toss is the result of QM since the Uncertainty Principle can be scaled to everyday objects. In the case of a coin toss, the quantum uncertainty in the position of neurotransmitter molecules in the nervous system of a coin flipper might translate into an uncertainty in the number of times a coin turns in the air before being caught, ultimately determining whether it is a head or a tail. They showed that the calculations come up with the same numbers as conventional probability theory does.